{"id":431,"date":"2020-05-07T22:40:15","date_gmt":"2020-05-07T19:40:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/?p=431"},"modified":"2020-05-07T22:40:22","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T19:40:22","slug":"birikimli-ustunluk-ve-bilimin-seckinleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/2020\/05\/07\/birikimli-ustunluk-ve-bilimin-seckinleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Birikimli \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ve \u201cBilimin Se\u00e7kinleri\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

* Bu yaz\u0131 T\u00fcrk K\u00fct\u00fcphanecili\u011fi<\/em> dergisinin Prof. Dr. Berin Yurdado\u011f an\u0131s\u0131na haz\u0131rlanan 2020 Haziran say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOrmandaki en uzun me\u015fe sadece en sert palamuttan yeti\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in en uzun me\u015fe olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; di\u011fer a\u011fa\u00e7lar onun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesmedi\u011fi, \u00e7evresindeki toprak derin ve zengin oldu\u011fu, fidanken hi\u00e7bir tav\u015fan onun kabu\u011funu kemirmedi\u011fi ve hi\u00e7bir oduncu onu vakti gelmeden kesmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in de en uzun me\u015fe o olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 insanlar\u0131n sa\u011flam tohumlardan geldi\u011fini hepimiz biliriz. Ancak onlar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6k sald\u0131klar\u0131 toprak ve uzak kalabilecek kadar \u015fansl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 tav\u015fanlar ve oduncular hakk\u0131nda da yeterince bilgi sahibi miyiz?\u201d<\/em> (Gladwell, 2009, s. 19).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilimin birikimli do\u011fas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak en \u00f6nemli saptamalardan biri 50\ny\u0131ldan biraz daha uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Robert Merton taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131 (Merton,\n1968). \u0130ncil\u2019de ge\u00e7en \u201ckimde varsa ona daha \u00e7ok verilecek ve kimde yoksa onda\nolan da geri al\u0131nacak\u201d ayetine dayanan ve birikmi\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc temsil eden\n\u201cMatthew Etkisi\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 bilime uyarlayan Merton\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u00fcn\u00fc duyulmu\u015f ya da\nse\u00e7kin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 di\u011ferleri ile benzer olsa bile ad\u0131\nduyulmad\u0131k bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya g\u00f6re daha fazla itibar kazan\u0131r. \u201cBa\u015far\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131\nbesler\u201d (success breeds success) olarak da yorumlanabilecek Matthew etkisi\nsonucunda baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n bilime katk\u0131lar\u0131 herkes\u00e7e konu\u015fulurken\nbaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n eserleri kimsenin bilmedi\u011fi\/okumad\u0131\u011f\u0131 birer \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 olarak tarihin\nderinliklerinde kaybolur. En az bir at\u0131f alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hi\u00e7\nalmam\u0131\u015ftan daha fazlad\u0131r ve gelecekte at\u0131f alma ihtimali di\u011ferine nazaran\ny\u00fcksektir. En az bir proje yapan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir projeyi alma ihtimali\nhi\u00e7 proje yapmam\u0131\u015f birinden daha fazlad\u0131r. \u00d6nemli bir dergide yay\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f\nbirinin ileride o dergiye ba\u015fka bir yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettirme ihtimali o dergide\nhi\u00e7 yay\u0131n yapmam\u0131\u015f birine g\u00f6re daha fazla olacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte \u00fcn sahibi veya se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olman\u0131n\ngetirdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcvenin sonucu olarak riskli problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmeye ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131\nvurgulamaya te\u015fvik edilen se\u00e7kin bilimciler y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e \u00fcnlerine \u00fcn katmaya\ndevam ederken di\u011ferleri, ellerinde olan\u0131 da kaybetmemek i\u00e7in okyanusa a\u00e7\u0131lmak\nyerine s\u0131\u011f sularda zaman ge\u00e7irir. B\u00f6ylece Matthew etkisi bilimde kendini\ng\u00f6stermi\u015f olur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fclkeler, \u00fcniversiteler,\nkariyerlerimizin ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131nda oldu\u011fumuz, cinsiyetimiz, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konu\nalanlar\u0131, birlikte kalem oynatt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z… Bunlar\u0131n hepsi Matthew etkisinden\npay\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yor. Bu yaz\u0131da Matthew etkisine en s\u0131k \u015fahit oldu\u011fumuz baz\u0131\nuygulamalar konusunda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6rnekler sunmak istiyorum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafya kader midir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n a\u015fina olduklar\u0131 bir ayr\u0131m var: Ekonomik olarak\ngeli\u015fmi\u015f, teknolojiye ula\u015fma ve kullanmada avantajl\u0131, politik olarak istikrarl\u0131\nve n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck k\u00fcresel kuzeye (global north) kar\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n\ntersi \u00f6zelliklere sahip olan k\u00fcresel g\u00fcney (global south). Ancak bu noktada\nkuzey olamayacak kadar fakir, g\u00fcney olamayacak kadar da zengin bir grup daha\nvar: k\u00fcresel do\u011fu (global east) (M\u00fcller, 2018). T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde kabul\nedildi\u011fi k\u00fcresel do\u011funun di\u011fer ikisinden en \u00f6nemli fark\u0131 kategorize edilmesinin\nzor olu\u015fu. Do\u011fu kabul edilen \u00fclkelerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck tutkusu bir g\u00fcn kuzeylilerden\nbiri olabilmek. Ekonomik olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f, d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, politik\nolarak istikrarl\u0131…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konuyu \u00fcniversiteler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele alal\u0131m. \u00dcniversitelerimizin en b\u00fcy\u00fck hayali \u00fcniversite s\u0131ralamalar\u0131nda \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer bulmak, adlar\u0131n\u0131 duyurmak, en \u00e7ok yay\u0131n\u0131 yapmak, en y\u00fcksek at\u0131f\u0131 almak… Bunun temel sebepleri ise ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencileri kendilerine \u00e7ekmek, b\u00fcy\u00fck projeleri ve fonlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmek, iyi akademisyenleri b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rabilmek. Ancak bu noktada \u00f6nemli bir detay\u0131 g\u00f6rmek gerekli. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Times Higher Education\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralamadaki ilk 100 \u00fcniversiteye bak\u0131n. Neredeyse t\u00fcm \u00fcniversitelerin k\u00fcresel kuzeye ait \u00fcniversiteler oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receksiniz (Times Higher Education, 2020). Bu listede yer alan kuzeyli \u00fcniversiteler \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar de\u011fi\u015fmeyecek [1]<\/a>. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00fcniversitelerin neredeyse tamam\u0131 Matthew etkisi sayesinde se\u00e7kinler s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u00fcniversiteler. Bug\u00fcn hepimiz kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdaki ki\u015finin kim oldu\u011funa, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flere, y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc projelere bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u201cOxford \u00dcniversitesinde e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015fsa iyidir\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sergiliyorsak biraz da ayn\u0131 etki sayesinde\/y\u00fcz\u00fcnden. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcresel do\u011fu \u00fclkeleri bilimde kuzeyliler gibi\nolabilmek ya da en az\u0131ndan onlarla beraber an\u0131labilmek i\u00e7in akademik performans\n\u00f6l\u00e7me kriterlerini s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim sistemlerini s\u0131k s\u0131k\nrevize ediyor ve yeni yeni uygulamalar geli\u015ftiriyorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fcniversite\ns\u0131ralama sistemleri s\u0131kl\u0131kla yay\u0131n ve at\u0131f say\u0131lar\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fu\n\u00fclkelerinde say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edici uygulamalar geli\u015ftiriliyor.\nAncak bu uygulamalar bilimsel yay\u0131nlarda kalitenin d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve etik\nproblemlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oluyor. \u00d6te yandan bilime \u00f6nemli ve kayda de\u011fer\nkatk\u0131 sunmak isteyen ve adil olmayan performans de\u011ferlendirme sistemlerinin\nbulundu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan akademisyenler daha iyi olanaklar, daha adil bir\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 ve daha iyi bir \u00fcniversite ismi i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel kuzeye ak\u0131yor. Yani\nk\u00fcresel do\u011fu entelekt\u00fcel olarak k\u00fcresel kuzeyi besliyor. Bu besleme kuzeyin\ndaha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine sebep olurken do\u011fu yerinde say\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011funun kuzeyi beslemesi sadece entelekt\u00fcel besleme ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. K\u00fcresel do\u011fuda konumlanm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkeler kuzeyli se\u00e7kin akademisyenler veya \u00fcniversiteler ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in fon ay\u0131r\u0131yor, b\u00fct\u00e7elerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bu i\u015f birliklerini sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalede \u201cDo\u011fuda \u00e7o\u011fu kurum bat\u0131dan sayg\u0131n bilim insanlar\u0131 ve kurumlarla ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 tercih ediyor. Ancak bat\u0131n\u0131n projelere dahli i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir miktar para \u00f6denmedik\u00e7e Kazakistan ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00e7ok da cazip de\u011fil\u201d deniyor (Kuzhabekova, 2019, s. 13). Bu da beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc sonucu kaybedilen entelekt\u00fcel birikim ile beraber sahip oldu\u011fumuz paran\u0131n da kuzeye akt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sorumuza geri d\u00f6nelim. Co\u011frafya kader midir? Bu\nsorunun kesin do\u011fru bir yan\u0131t\u0131 yok. Ancak Matthew etkisi kuzeyi beslemeye devam\nediyor. \u201cSe\u00e7kin\u201d \u00fcn\u00fcne \u00fcn katmaya devam ederken, do\u011fu se\u00e7kinleri besliyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kariyerinin\nba\u015f\u0131ndaki gen\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 i\u00e7in Matthew etkisi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kariyerlerinin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki gen\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Matthew etkisinden en \u00e7ok\nnasiplenenler. \u00dczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z konu ne kadar \u00f6nemli, etkili ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck\nolursa olsun bunu d\u00fcnyaya yayabilmek i\u00e7in gerekli \u015f\u00f6hrete sahip de\u011filseniz,\ngen\u00e7seniz, daha \u00f6nce bu konuda ad\u0131n\u0131z hi\u00e7 duyulmam\u0131\u015fsa, daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 proje\nalmam\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z, \u00f6nemli isimlerle birlikte hi\u00e7 yay\u0131n yapmam\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z, daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7\nbir tak\u0131m\u0131 y\u00f6netmemi\u015fseniz b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7indesiniz demektir. Bir var olma\nsava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n. Bu sava\u015fta ayakta kalabilen olmak ileride kazan\u0131lacak \u015f\u00f6hretin\nhabercisi ancak bu sava\u015fta ayakta kalabilmek san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar kolay de\u011fil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re bilim\nfonlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda Matthew etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor (Bol ve di\u011ferleri, 2018). Yani\nkariyerinin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 i\u00e7in bir fon kazanm\u0131\u015f olmak ba\u015fka bir\nfonu kazanmada etkili. \u00d6te yandan herhangi bir fonu kazanamayanlar ikinci bir\nfon ba\u015fvurusu yapmakta da \u00e7ekinceli davran\u0131yorlar. Yani kazanan\u0131n hep\nkazanmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi biraz da bu. Kaybedenin \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini kaybetmesi. Matthew\netkisi etkisini hep g\u00f6steriyor. Kazanan hep kazan\u0131rken, kaybeden her \u015feyden\nvazge\u00e7iyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matthew\nmu Matilda m\u0131?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Margaret Rossiter (1993) \u201cMatthew etkisi\u201dnin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7izdi\u011fi\nmakalesine \u201cBilimde Matilda etkisi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131. Rossiter Robert Merton\u2019un\nad\u0131 duyulmad\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara mevcut sistemi de\u011fi\u015ftirmek yerine ona nas\u0131l ayak\nuydurulabilece\u011fi konusunda alayc\u0131 tavsiyeler verdi\u011fini belirtti\u011fi yaz\u0131s\u0131nda 1800\u2019lerin\nkad\u0131n haklar\u0131 savunucusu Mathilda Joslyn Gage\u2019in ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi Matilda etkisini\nanlatt\u0131. Bilimsel bulu\u015flarda kad\u0131nlara ait ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n nas\u0131l o kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\netraflar\u0131ndaki erkeklere atfedildi\u011fini somut \u00f6rneklerle aktaran Rossiter, kad\u0131n\nara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fcz y\u00fcze kald\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz biliminde de Matildalarla fazlas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bilimsel \u015f\u00f6hret kazanmada erkekler hala avantajl\u0131 konumdalar. Hala daha fazlalar, hala daha \u015f\u00f6hretliler. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde yay\u0131nlanan bir makaleye g\u00f6re son 60 y\u0131lda akademide etki ve etkinlikler cinsiyete g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermemesine ra\u011fmen akademiden ayr\u0131lma oran\u0131 kad\u0131nlarda erkeklere g\u00f6re %19,5 daha fazla (Huang ve di\u011ferleri, 2020). T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim istatistiklerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da benzer durumu g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Akademimizde kariyer yolu ilerledik\u00e7e kad\u0131nlar kendilerine daha az yer bulabiliyorlar ya da kendi istekleriyle o yola devam etmiyorlar (bkz \u015eekil 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u015eekil 1. T\u00fcrkiye y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011fretim sisteminde unvanlar\u0131n cinsiyetlere g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 (\u00d6zet \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131 raporu, 2020). <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 pazarlama ve\ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc art\u0131rma e\u011filiminin erkeklerde daha fazla oldu\u011fu da ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla\nortaya koyulmu\u015f durumda. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma bilimde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yay\u0131n\nsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n erkeklerle ayn\u0131 oranda artmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen erkeklerin kad\u0131nlara oranla\nkendine at\u0131f yapma pratiklerinin %70 daha fazla oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor (King ve\ndi\u011ferleri, 2017). Elbette bunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ki\u015fisel pazarlama u\u011fruna\nanlams\u0131z at\u0131f yapmaya y\u00f6nlendirmek de\u011fil ancak mevcut durumda at\u0131f avantaj\u0131n\u0131\nerkeklerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek de hatal\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m de\u011fil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kabullenmek\nmi, sava\u015fmak m\u0131? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fclke, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kurum, cinsiyetimiz, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131m\u0131z,\nya\u015f\u0131m\u0131z, ve daha pek \u00e7ok \u015fey bilimsel olarak avantajl\u0131 veya dezavantajl\u0131\nolmam\u0131za sebep oluyor. Bu noktada as\u0131l sorulmas\u0131 gereken bu avantaj ve\ndezavantajlar\u0131 kabul ederek kendi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck evrenimizde k\u0131s\u0131l\u0131p kalacak m\u0131y\u0131z,\nyoksa mevcut alg\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7abalayacak m\u0131? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki al\u0131nt\u0131 Malcolm Gladwell\u2019in\nOutliers kitab\u0131ndan. Elbette bizden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z geli\u015fen etmenlere m\u00fcdahale etmemiz\n\u00e7ok zor ancak ormandaki me\u015felerin topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zengin tuttu\u011fumuzda, oduncular\u0131n\nonlar\u0131 vaktinden \u00f6nce kesmesini engelledi\u011fimizde, k\u00f6k sald\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar\u0131\nbesledi\u011fimizde ve onlar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korudu\u011fumuzda sa\u011flam tohumlardan\ngelen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 insanlar\u0131 kaybetmeyecek, ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n toplumsal olmas\u0131n\u0131\nsa\u011flayabilece\u011fiz. Toplumsal ba\u015far\u0131lar ise bizleri birka\u00e7 ad\u0131m \u00f6teye ta\u015f\u0131yacak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Te\u015fekk\u00fcr<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131 Adam Mickiewicz \u00dcniversitesi Bilimsel \u0130leti\u015fim Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Grubu\ntaraf\u0131ndan 7 Ocak 2020 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen k\u00fcresel kuzey, k\u00fcresel g\u00fcney ve\nk\u00fcresel do\u011fu odakl\u0131 okuma semineri sonras\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Seminerlerle\nilgili detayl\u0131 bilgiye http:\/\/sc.amu.edu.pl\/reading-seminar\/<\/a> adresinden ula\u015f\u0131labilir. Yazar\u0131n 1 Kas\u0131m\n2019-31 Ekim 2021 aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Polonya Ulusal Ajans\u0131 (NAWA\nPoland) taraf\u0131ndan fonlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bol, T., de Vaan, M. ve van de Rijt, A.\n(2018). The Matthew effect in science funding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em>, 115(19),\n4887-4890. Eri\u015fim adresi: https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/pnas\/115\/19\/4887.full.pdf<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fan, G. (2017). Akademik performans odakl\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcniversite s\u0131ralama\nsistemlerinin genel s\u0131ralamalar\u0131na ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/em>\n[Doktora tezi]. Ankara: Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi. Eri\u015fim adresi: http:\/\/www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080\/xmlui\/handle\/11655\/3482<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gladwell, M. (2009). Outliers: The story of success (\u00c7izginin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakiler)<\/em> (Ayt\u00fcl \u00d6zer,\n\u00c7ev.). \u0130stanbul: Kapital Medya Hizmetleri A.\u015e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huang, J.,\nGates, A.J., Sinatra, R. ve Barab\u00e1si, A-L. (2020). Historical comparison of\ngender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines. Proceedings of the National Academy of\nSciences<\/em>, 201914221. Eri\u015fim adresi: https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/early\/2020\/02\/14\/1914221117<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

King, M.M., Bergstrom, C.T., Correll, S.J.,\nJacquet, J. ve West, J.D. (2017). Men set their own cites high: Gender and\nself-citation across fields and over time.\nSocius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 3<\/em>, 1-22. Eri\u015fim adresi: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2378023117738903<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuzhabekova, A. (2019). Invisibilizing Eurasia: How north-south dichotomization marginalizes post-soviet scholars in \u0131nternational research collaborations. Journal of Studies in International Education<\/em> [Bas\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda]. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F1028315319888887<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merton, R.K. (1968). The Matthew effect in\nscience. Science<\/em>, 159(3810), 56-63. Doi:10.1126\/science.159.3810.56 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcller, M. (2018). In search of the global east: Thinking between north and south. Geopolitics, <\/em>21(7), 998-1014. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369801X.2019.1585911<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zet \u00f6\u011fretim\neleman\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131 raporu. (2020). https:\/\/istatistik.yok.gov.tr\/<\/a>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rossiter, M.W. (1993). The Matthew<\/s>\nMathilda effect in science. Social\nStudies of Science,<\/em> 23(2), 325-341. Eri\u015fim adresi: https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/285482?seq=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Times Higher Education. (2020). World University Rankings 2020<\/em>. Eri\u015fim\nadresi: https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/world-university-rankings\/2020\/world-ranking#!\/page\/0\/length\/100\/sort_by\/rank\/sort_order\/asc\/cols\/stats<\/a>\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1<\/a> T\u00fcm\ns\u0131ralama sistemlerinin \u00fcretti\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde benzer oldu\u011fu ve\nkonum de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin belli bir s\u0131ran\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \u00fcniversiteler i\u00e7in daha yo\u011fun\n\u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir doktora tezi ile ortaya koyuldu (bkz. Do\u011fan, 2017).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

* Bu yaz\u0131 T\u00fcrk K\u00fct\u00fcphanecili\u011fi dergisinin Prof. Dr. Berin Yurdado\u011f an\u0131s\u0131na haz\u0131rlanan 2020 Haziran say\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cOrmandaki en uzun me\u015fe sadece en sert…<\/p>\n

Devam\u0131n\u0131 okuyunBirikimli \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fck ve \u201cBilimin Se\u00e7kinleri\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[15,11,10,9],"class_list":["post-431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","tag-bilimde-birikimli-ustunluk","tag-bilimin-seckinleri","tag-matilda-etkisi","tag-matthew-etkisi","entry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=431"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":434,"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions\/434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zehrataskin.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}